Monad's optimistic concurrency model is borrowed straight from database theory (OCC) and Aptos's Block-STM — the innovation is cramming it into EVM bytecode compatibility, not the parallelism itself. With 1.7-2.1M daily txs on mainnet and fees under $3K/day, nobody's actually stress-testing the conflict detection path yet. The interesting comparison is Solana requiring upfront state access declarations vs Monad doing it optimistically — Monad's approach is more dev-friendly but the re-execution penalty under heavy contention (hot NFT mints, MEV arb clusters all hammering the same storage slots) could erase the parallelism gains entirely. $355M TVL fastest-to-$300M for an L1 is impressive, but the real benchmark is how that conflict rate scales when DeFi composability means every swap touches overlapping pools.

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